ABSTRACT
Physical inactivity was recognized as the fourth risk factor of death and the current Covid-19 pandemic had increased the probability of society becoming less physically active. These contributed to adverse mental changes. Therefore, our main objective was to study the association of physical activity and mental health among adults in Malaysia during Covid-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey and 1161 Malaysian adults were recruited in the study. DASS 21 and IPAQ 7 questionnaires were used to access their mental health and physical activity among adults in Malaysia. A total of 1161 participants (267 males and 894 female) were included in the study. Overall, there were participants having average depression score of 1.55 (SD=1.54) that comprises of normal (40.1%), mild (11.7%), moderate (19.7%), severe (9.8%) and extremely severe (18.6%). As for anxiety, the average is 1.96 (SD=1.65) that included normal (33.5%), mild (6.9%), moderate (20.4%), severe (8.3%) and extremely severe (30.9%). The average for stress-induced participants was 0.93 (SD=1.31) that consisted of normal (59.9%), mild (10.9%), moderate (11.7%), severe (10.9%) and extremely severe (6.5%). There was a significant association of depression, anxiety and stress levels (DASS-21) with age (p<0.001), marital status (p<0.001) and employment status (p<0.001). There was no significant association between low, moderate and high physical activity with levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Instead, there was significance association between level of depression, anxiety and stress towards sociodemographic characteristic such as age, marital status and employment status © 2022, Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine.All Rights Reserved.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Globally, people who hesitant to receive COVID-19 vaccination were greatly influenced by their knowledge related to health. Therefore, address this knowledge gap, this research aims to evaluate the digital health literacy and vaccine hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccine among different levels of education in Malaysia. Method(s): A total of 1546 Malaysian participated in this cross-sectional wed based survey. A standardized questionnaire was generated using Google form, and the link was shared through multiple social media platforms. Digital Health Literacy Instrument (DHLI) and WHO's vaccine hesitancy questionnaire were used to evaluate the digital health literacy and vaccine hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccine among different levels of education in Malaysia. Result(s): Among 1546 participants, 14 participants had clear incomplete data and excluding those age less than 18 years old making a total of participants 1532. Regarding standard deviation and mean of the results, participants classified as pro-vaccine. Multiple predictors were identified that contributed to vaccine hesitancy. This included level of education which leads to various level of digital health literacy. Conclusion(s): In summary, the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the people were basically due to their lack of knowledge or inability to find reliable sources on the internet that cause them to have anxiety towards the vaccination programme. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background With the surge of COVID-19 cases worldwide, vaccines against COVID-19 are also developing across the countries. However, the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination among general people is questionable. The availability of several vaccines’ options against COVID-19 has perplexed people regarding individual vaccines’ efficacy and safety. Therefore, we aim to determine the acceptance, preferences, impact factors of future COVID-19 vaccines in Malaysia and the factors influencing the COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among vaccine demand and vaccine delay groups. Material and methods An online-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among Malaysian residents 18 years and above of either gender using the snowball sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was made available to participants through various social media networks, email, and telegram. The data obtained from the survey were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Association between background characteristics and respondents were analyzed using the Chi-square test in the vaccine delay group and vaccine acceptance group. Results Total of 1282 responses were considered for the study, mainly from male respondents (71%). Among the respondents, 95.9% thought that vaccination would be an effective way to prevent and control COVID-19, and 96% would accept vaccination if the COVID-19 vaccine were successfully developed and approved for listing in the future. Essential factors influencing vaccination decisions were vaccine convenience (95.7%) and doctor's recommendation (97.3%). Bivariate analysis revealed that age less than 24 years, Malay race, living in urban areas, tertiary education, students, single marital status, family income (Malaysian ringgits) RM 4,850 to RM 10,959 and >RM 10,960 were significantly associated with vaccine acceptance of COVID19 vaccination. Conclusion All the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates throughout the country should be studied on a larger scale, and appropriate steps to ensure vaccine acceptance among the public should be meticulously devised by the government and related authorities.
ABSTRACT
Background: With the surge of COVID-19 cases worldwide, vaccines against COVID-19 are also developing across the countries. However, the acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination among general people is questionable. The availability of several vaccines' options against COVID-19 has perplexed people regarding individual vaccines' efficacy and safety. Therefore, we aim to determine the acceptance, preferences, impact factors of future COVID-19 vaccines in Malaysia and the factors influencing the COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among vaccine demand and vaccine delay groups. Material and methods: An online-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among Malaysian residents 18 years and above of either gender using the snowball sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was made available to participants through various social media networks, email, and telegram. The data obtained from the survey were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Association between background characteristics and respondents were analyzed using the Chi-square test in the vaccine delay group and vaccine acceptance group. Results: Total of 1282 responses were considered for the study, mainly from male respondents (71%). Among the respondents, 95.9% thought that vaccination would be an effective way to prevent and control COVID-19, and 96% would accept vaccination if the COVID-19 vaccine were successfully developed and approved for listing in the future. Essential factors influencing vaccination decisions were vaccine convenience (95.7%) and doctor's recommendation (97.3%). Bivariate analysis revealed that age less than 24 years, Malay race, living in urban areas, tertiary education, students, single marital status, family income (Malaysian ringgits) RM 4,850 to RM 10,959 and >RM 10,960 were significantly associated with vaccine acceptance of COVID19 vaccination. Conclusion: All the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates throughout the country should be studied on a larger scale, and appropriate steps to ensure vaccine acceptance among the public should be meticulously devised by the government and related authorities.
Antecedentes: Con el aumento de casos de COVID-19 en todo el mundo, las vacunas contra la COVID-19 también están en desarrollo en todos los países. Sin embargo, la aceptabilidad de la vacuna COVID-19 entre la gente en general es cuestionable. La disponibilidad de varias opciones de vacunas contra COVID-19 ha dejado perpleja a la gente con respecto a la eficacia y seguridad de las vacunas individuales. Por lo tanto, tenemos como objetivo determinar la aceptación, las preferencias y los factores de impacto de las futuras vacunas COVID-19 en Malasia y los factores que influyen en la aceptación de la vacunación COVID-19 entre la demanda de vacunas y los grupos de demora de la vacuna. Material y métodos: Se realizó una encuesta transversal en línea entre residentes de Malasia de 18 años o más de cualquier género utilizando la técnica de muestreo de bola de nieve. Se puso a disposición de los participantes un cuestionario autoadministrado a través de varias redes sociales, correo electrónico y telegrama. Los datos obtenidos de la encuesta se analizaron con el programa SPSS versión 25.0. La asociación entre las características de fondo y los encuestados fueron analizados usando la prueba de χ2 en el grupo de demora de la vacuna y el grupo de aceptación de la vacuna. Resultados: Se consideró un total de 1.282 respuestas para el estudio, principalmente de hombres encuestados (71%). Entre los encuestados, el 95,9% pensó que la vacunación sería una forma eficaz de prevenir y controlar la COVID-19, y el 96% aceptaría la vacunación si la vacuna COVID-19 se desarrollara con éxito y se aprobara para su inclusión en el futuro. Factores esenciales que influyeron en las decisiones de vacunación fueron la conveniencia de la vacuna (95,7%) y la recomendación del médico (97,3%). El análisis bivariado reveló que la edad < 24 años, la raza malaya, la vida en áreas urbanas, educación terciaria, estudiantes, estado civil soltero, ingresos familiares RM 4,850 a RM 10,959 y > RM 10,960 (en ringgits, moneda malaya), se asociaron significativamente con la aceptación de la vacuna COVID-19. Conclusión: Todos los factores que influyen en las tasas de aceptación de la vacuna COVID-19 en todo el país deben estudiarse a mayor escala, y el gobierno y las autoridades relacionadas deben diseñar meticulosamente los pasos apropiados para asegurar la aceptación de la vacuna entre el público.